July 31, 1863: CSS Tuscaloosa Captures a Ship

155 Years Ago.

JULY 31ST, 1863:  The CSS Tuscaloosa, Lieutenant John Low, captured the ship Santee, bound from Akyab to Falmouth with a cargo of rice.  The Santee was released on bond.

There was a CSS Tuscaloosa ironclad and a CSS Tuscaloosa cruiser.  This Tuscaloosa would be the cruiser.

--Old B-Runner

A New Clue to the Hunley's Sinking-- Part 2: Keel Blocks Not Released

This fail-safe mechanism in the Hunley;s keel being as it was, makes it appear that the crew may not have seen what sank the submarine coming.

Archaeologist Michael Scafuri has been working on the Hunley for 18 years removing layers of corrosion, silt and shells from the submarine and has now found that the levers were all locked in position which makes it appear that there wasn't any panic aboard the ship.  The levers would have released some 1,000 pounds of"keel blocks" bringing the submarine to the surface and allowing the crew to swim to safety.

This discovery gives rise to two options:  the crew may not have realized they were in danger or not anticipated to the to surface quickly.

Will We Ever Know What Caused the Hunley to Sink?  --Old B-Runner

New Clue for Sinking of the Hunley-- Part 1: A Hidden Fail-Safe Mechanism

From the July 23, 2018, History "What Sunk the Confederate Submarine, the Hunley?  New Clue Emerges." by Natasha Frost.

"It was the first submarine in history to successfully sink an enemy ship.  Made out of forty feet of bulletproof iron, the H.L. Hunley was a Confederate submarine with a crew of eight.  But despite its claim, it was a dangerous vessel to be inside."

In its eight months career, it sank three times, killing nearly 30 men, including its inventor.  (It was raised twice.)  The final time it sank was after it sank the USS Housatonic and then sank for its third time.  The question still remains, what sank the Hunley?

The submarine was found 130 years after it sank, in 1995 and five years later it was raised for a third time.  Inside were the remains of all eight of its crew, still at their positions.  Apparently, the crew never attempted to escape.

Now researchers have found another clue.  A hidden fail-safe mechanism in the Hunley's keel that would have given the crew a chance to escape was never activated.

--Old B-Runner

Beat the Heat at Fort Fisher This Saturday: "Welcoming Sherman"

This Saturday afternoon, the annual Fort Fisher "Beat the Heat" lectures will continue at 2 p.m. at the Fort Fisher State Historic Site at Kure Beach.  This week's topic is "Welcoming Sherman:  Wilmington and the Cape Fear" and will be given by Wade Sokolosky, a retired career army officer.

With the fall of Wilmington on February 22, 1865, Federal forces were able to use the city and Cape Fear River as a much-needed supply base.  He will discuss the U.S. Navy and Army's use of the river to support Sherman's troops in Fayetteville.

He will have copies of his book on the Battle of Wyse Fork on sale and signed by the author.

Wish It was Closer.  --Old B-R'er

USS Merrimac-- Part 2: Sank in a Bad Storm February 15, 1865

Early in 1865, the USS Merrimac was reassigned to the East Gulf Blockading Squadron and hot underway early in February.  Bad weather forced the ship into Beaufort, N.C., on the 7th, and Charleston, S.C., on the 12.  Underway for Key West the next day, she encountered even worse weather and turned northward looking for a safe haven.

But, on February 15, 1865, Acting Master William Earle ordered the crew to abandon ship after its tiller was broken and two boilers given out and the pimps unable to  to stop the rising water in the hold.  The crew was rescued by a mail steamer Morning Star and watched that night as the ship disappeared beneath the waves.

However, the department of the Navy has the Merrimac sinking on January 15, 1865.

--Old B-Runner

Blockade Runner Merrimac/ USS Merrimac-- Part 1

In the last post, I mentioned the capture of the blockade runner Merrimac near Masonboro Inlet on July 24, 1863.  It later became the USS Merrimac (not to be confused with the steam frigate USS Merrimac which became the CSS Virginia.

From Wikipedia.

230 feet long, 30 foot beam.  116 crew,  two 30 pdr. Parrott rifles, four 24-pdrs., two 12-pdrs.

Purchased in England by the Confederate government for use as a blockade runner in 1862.  Had a successful career as a blockade runner, but captured by the USS Iroquois off Cape Fear River 24 July 1863.  Purchased in prize court by U.S. Navy 10 March 1864.

Commissioned at New York  1 May 1864 Acting Master William P. Rogers in command.  Joined East Gulf Blockading Squadron in June 1864  Captured a Cuban sloop sailing with cotton from Florida to Havana.  In July, yellow fever broke out on the Merrimac and she sailed north to New York and disembarked her sick sailors, then cruised northward as far as St. John's, Newfoundland.

--Old B-R'er

Action in North Carolina, July 1863-- Part 3: Battle of Potecasi Creek

Most of these actions took place in the eastern part of the state, near the coast.

JULY 21--  Skirmish at Street's Ferry   3rd, 12th, 23rd New York Cavalty.  1st Mounted N.C. Infantry.

JULY 22--  Skirmish at Scupperton   Same units as above.

JULY 24--  Capture of Merrimac 40 miles north of Masonboro Inlet

JULY 25-31.  Expedition from New Bern to Winton   26th, 27th Mass. Infantry; 3rd Light Artillery, 158th Infantry.

JULY 25 to AUGUST 3--  Expedition from Portsmouth, Va. to to Jackson, N.C.

JULY 26--  Action at Pottecassi Creek, Mt. Tabor Church.  ist R.I. Light Artillery.  Union losses:  3 killed, 17 wounded.  Also called the Battle of Potecasi Creek.

JULY 26-29--  Expedition from Plymouth to Foster's Mills   12th NY Cav,  24th N.Y.Independent Battery, 85th and 96th N.Y. Infantry; 101st and 103rd Pennsylvania

JULY 27--  Skirmish at Foster's Mills   12th NY Cavalry

JULY 28--  Skirmish at Jackson  7th NY Cavalry;   11th Pennsylvania Cavalry.  Called the Battle of Boon's Mill.

--Old B-Runner

July 24, 1863: Porter Orders Torpedo Precautions

JULY 24TH, 1863:  Rear Admiral Porter directed that all ships of his Mississippi Squadron be provided with an apparatus to destroy torpedoes while on expeditions up narrow rivers.  Since a torpedo exploding with 100 pounds of powder would not injure a ship 10 feet away, Porter proposed:  "that each vessel be provided with a rake projecting 20 to 30 feet beyond the bow....

"The rake will be provided with iron teeth (spikes will do) to catch the torpedo or break the wires."  The serious threat of the Confederate torpedoes, even in waters dominated by the Union, could never be ignored by naval commanders and dictated persistent caution.

--Old B-Runner

CSS Missouri, A Timeline-- Part 3: Confederate Army Seized Cannons Intended for the CSS Missouri

FEBRUARY 28, 1863--  Carter still unable to obtain iron plate for the Caddo (CSS Missouri), Carter writes to Vicksburg, Shreveport and Texas Railroad:  "It is sometimes necessary to take public property for public use without the consent of the owner....  It is my wish to obtain the iron with your consent, but if that is refused, I shall certainly use the iron, if needed...."

MARCH 12, 1863--  Naval inspection officer Lt. Robert S. Minor, reported to Mallory that the heavy guns intended for the ironclad at Shreveport had been seized by Hen. John C. Pemberton to be used in the defenses of Vicksburg.

APRIL 1, 1863--  Carter again wrote to Mallory requesting naval guns and said that the army had seized the guns intended for the Caddo for the defense of Grand Gulf, Mississippi.  He also urged that the construction of the second ironclad at Shreveport be started as soon as possible.

--Old B-R'er

CSS Missouri, A Timeline-- Part 2: Looking for Machinery and Waiting

FEBRUARY 18--  Lt. Carter appealed to Lt. General John C. Pemberton, military commander at Jackson, Tennessee, to delay sinking a steamboat as an obstruction in the Big Black River until its machinery could be removed for the Caddo.

FEBRUARY 20--  Lt. Carter told Secretary Mallory that Thomas Moore and John Smoker were the only people west of the Mississippi who could build an ironclad.  He also said the timbers for the second ironclad are nearly ready.  The contractors ready to push forward at their own expense, supposing that the second contract would be approved.

--Old B-Runner

CSS Missouri, A Timeline-- Part 1: The Difficulties of Lt. Jonathan Carter

From the Civil War Navies Message Board by Michael Cassamasse, July 30, 2005.

FEB 1, 1863  Lt. Carter urges Confederate Navy Department to send heavy naval guns for his ironclad.  Also upset that the department has decided not to start a second ironclad at Shreveport, Louisiana until the first one is completed.

The Navy has to take into account the depth of the Red River at all times.

A steamboat had been purchased for $65,000 with suitable machinery for an ironclad.

FEBRUARY 15, 1863  Lt. Carter reported that the entire gun deck and most of the frame was mostly up and that planking would soon be applied.

He suggested that the ironclad be named be named Caddo after the name of the parish in Shreveport was the ironclad was being built.

That same day, engineer John W. Parks arrived in Shreveport to supervise installation of machinery.  By the end of February the framework of the Caddo was completed, planking of the botto=m and sidesnearly finished and the spar deck being laid.

--Old B-Runner

"Beat the Heat" at Fort Fisher This Saturday: General Lee's Immortals"

From Friends of Fort Fisher Powder Keg bulletin.

JULY 21, SATURDAY  2 p.m..

The annual summer "Beat the Heat" lectures continue this Saturday at Fort Fisher with "General Lee's Immortals" given by historian and noted author Michael C. Hardy."

During the Civil War, North Carolina fielded numerous infantry, artillery and cavalry units.  One of those units was the Branch-Lane Brigade in the Army of Northern Virginia.  The unit formed in 1861 and fought in the Seven Days' battles to the final surrender at Appomattox.

Mr. Hardy has written a book on the subject "General Lee's Immortals:  The Battles and Campaigns of the Branch-Lane Brigade in the Army of Northern Virginia, 1861-1865"  He also has a very informative blog, Looking for the Civil War (formerly Looking for North Carolina's Civil War).

The lecture will be given at the Fort Fisher Historic Site in Kure Beach, N.C..

--Old B-R'er

Well-Done U.S. Dredgers: Recovery of CSS Georgia

From the May 4, 2018, Wall Street Journal  "U.S. Dredgers Are Doing What They Should."

Over 50 companies have been awarded federal work each year.  The U.S. flagged dredging fleet consists of over 400 dredges.

The Savannah River dredging finished in March, ahead of schedule and also carefully recovered the Confederate ironclad CSS Georgia.

--Old B-Runner

Andrew Duppstadt on "North Carolina's Naval Raiders 1700-1865

As I said, i would have liked  to have been there to hear his talk and talk with him.  We have a lot in common.

He will talk about Ottway Burns, a privateer, and Johnston Blakely, USN, both in the War of 1812.  And then there were all  those blockade runners during the Civil War.  Hood topic.

And, Mr. Duppstadt knows what he is talking about and has been fortunate enough to get a job/jobs where he gets to work with his interests.

He is the Program Development and Training Officer, and Historic Weapons Coordinator for the North Carolina Division of State Historic Sites, North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources.  he has a BA and MA in history from the University of North Carolina at Wilmington.  Also, he is the Assistant Curator of Education for the N.C. Division of State Historic Sites.

At one time he had a very interesting and informative blog called Civil War Navy, the History Profession and Other Historical Musings.  Sadly, he does not keep it going anymore.

--Old B-Runner

OK, Missed It, Andrew Duppstadt On "North Carolina Naval raiders, 1700-1865"-- Part 1

Sadly, my Federal Point Historic Preservation Society Newsletter came last week and I didn't get around to reading it until today.  But Andrew Duppstadt spoke on this subject last night at the monthly meeting of the organization.  I sure would have like to be there, but Illinois is just too far away.

He spoke at 7:30 p.m., July 16 at the History Center.

Throughout much of North Carolina's early history, naval raiding was practiced by pirates, privateers, blockade runners, and commerce raiders.

Though often overshadowed by other colonies or states, the Old North State was home to some of the most prolific naval raiders during their prospective periods of history.  This program examines some of the men who undertook the practice of naval raiding, which brought them relative levels of fame during their time.

--Old B-Runner

July 17, 1863: Dahlgren Is Preparing for Renewed Attack on Fort Wahner

JULY 17TH, 1863:  Rear Admiral Dahlgren, preparing to renew the attack on Fort Wagner, wrote Secretary Welles about his critical shortage of men in his squadron.  Men were being required to bombard by day and blockade by night.

The Admiral asked for 500 Marines:  "There will be occasion for them."

On July 28 Welles informed Dahlgren that the USS Aries had departed Boston with 200 men and upon her return from Charleston would bring 200 more sailors from New York to him.  He added, "A battalion of marines, about 400 in number, will leave New York on the steamer Arago on Friday next."

Old B-Runner

Get Photographed at the CSS Neuse

From the July 13, 2018, News 12 ABC North Carolina  "CSS Neuse Center to show Civil War photographs this weekend."

The CSS Neuse Civil War Interpretive Center in Kinston, N.C. will have a display of Civil War tintypes and photographs, plus the opportunity of having yours taken in a period setting. by Harry taylor.

The Civil War was the first conflict to be extensively photographed and there is a temporary exhibit that opened July 14.

The CSS Neuse is the only remaining commissioned Confederate ironclad above water.

--Old B-R'er

A Book on Lt. Jonathan Carter and His CSS Missouri

I came across a whole book written on Carter and the CSS Missouri.  "A Man and His Boat:  The Civil War Career and Correspondence of Lieutenant Jonathan H. Carter, CSN" by Katherine Brash Jeter.

It is the story of a Confederate officer's struggle to complete a warship in the face of severe wartime material shortages.

--Old B-Runner

CSS Missouri-- Part 3: Surrendered June 3, 1865

In March 1865, the Red River rose and Lt. Jonathan Carter was able to take the CSS Missouri from Shreveport downriver to Alexandria, Louisiana.  On April 8 he anchored and prepared to defend the city.

He didn't have to as the war was in its final stages.  He surrendered June 3, the last Confederate ironclad to surrender.

The Missouri was taken to Mound City, Illinois, and determined to be unsuitable as a Union warship.  Its armor was removed and the ship sold at public auction on 29 November 1865.

--Old B-Runner

CSS Missouri--- Part 2: Lt. Jonathan Carter and the CSS Missouri

Lt. Jonathan Hanby Carter, CSN, signed the papers for the Missouri's construction.  When launched it was commanded by Lt.Cmdr. Charles Fauntleroy who was obviously not happy about his command.  He told Carter that he "hoped the damned boat would sink" and that he "never intended to serve on her if he could help it."

He must have gotten his wish as Lt. Carter commanded the ship later in its career.

Low water prevented the CSS Missouri from leaving Shreveport and taking part in the Red River Campaign.

In September 1864, Carter led a group of sailors and men from the CSS Webb and Missouri in an unsuccessful attempt to capture the USS Rattler.

--Old B-Runner

CSS Missouri-- Part 1: Dates and Stats

From Wikipedia.

Laid down 14 April 1863 in Shreveport, Louisiana, commissioned 12 September 1863.  Surrendered 3 June 1865.  Sold 19 November 1865.

Casemate ironclad, 183 feet long with a 53.8 foot beam.  Could make 5.3 knots.

Mounted one 11-inch Dahlgren smoothbore, one 9-inch Dahlgrean smoothbore and one 32-pounder smoothbore.

The iron casemate was made of railroad tracks and extended 130 feet so part of its paddlewheels were exposed.

--Old B-Runner

"Beat the Heat" Lecture at Fort Fisher July 14: Yellow Fever

JULY 14

"AT THE MERCY OF THE ANGEL OF DEATH: THE 1862 WILMINGTON YELLOW FEVER EPIDEMIC"

During the Civil War, the mosquito carried a dark and deadly secret.  Learn how this little bug and its pathological comrades waged their own biological warfare upon unsuspecting soldiers and citizens.

Shannon Walker, interpreter at Brunswick Town Fort Anderson State Historic Site will discuss this insect and the deadly Civil War medical issues it brought.

Not to mention the blockade runners carrying the disease into Wilmington.

--Old B-Runner

July 10, 1863: Fox Congratulates Farragut for Vicksburg and Port Hudson

JULY 10TH, 1863:  Assistant secretary Fox wrote Rear Admiral Farragut, congratulating him upon "the final opening of the Mississippi" through the Union victories at Vicksburg and Port Hudson.

"You smashed in the door [at New Orleans] in an unsurpassed movement and the success above became a certainty....  Your last move past Port Hudson has hastened the downfall of the Rebs."

--Old B-Runner

CSS Missouri and Other Ships By That Name

From the June 18, 2018, News Tribune  "Perspective:  A history of the Missouri Navy" by Sam Bushman.

This was a list and short summary of all the ships in the U.S. (and Confederate) Navy by the name Missouri.

The first USS Missouri was a paddleboat frigate built in 1841 that soon caught fire and exploded.

The second Missouri was the Confederate CSS Missouri built on the Red River at Shreveport, Louisiana.  It never saw action and surrendered at the end of the war.  It was found to be badly built and was towed to Mound City, Illinois, and scrapped.

It was never officially commissioned into the U.S. Navy, but many historians count her as a Navy ship.

The third ship was the battleship USS Missouri (BB-11) commissioned in 1903

The 4th was the most famous of all, the battleship USS Missouri (BB-13) where Japan surrendered at the end of WW II and now a museum ship in Pearl Harbor.

The 5th is the submarine USS Missouri (SSN-780), a Virginia-class fast attack submarine.

I'll write about these other Missouris in my Cooter's History Thing blog.

--Old B-R'er

Rear Admiral Foote's Death-- Part 2: Buried in New Haven, Connecticut

The wound he received at Fort Donelson eventually killed him a little over a year later.

He was on his way to take command of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron and in New York City when he took ill.  He spent ten days at the Astor House Hotel there in great agony and suffering.

Admiral Foote died June 26, 1863 and his body lay in state at the State House in New Haven, Connecticut before burial.

--Old B-Runner

Rear Admiral Foote's Death-- Part 1: Wounded at Fort Donelson

I essentially had to believe that Andrew Hull Foote had died from the wound he received at Fort Donelson, just awhile after the fact.  This clarified his death.

From John White As Foote.

After his wounding, Admiral Foote's health continued to decline.  He had been wounded by pieces of iron shrapnel from an exploding cannonball and pieces of wood while on his flagship.

He was on crutches at the Battle of Island No. 10.

With his health continuing to digress, he stepped down from command.  In June 1862, he moved to Washington, D.C. where he was promoted to rear admiral.  Then he became Chief of the Navy's Bureau of Equipment and Recruiting.

--Old B-Runner

Always Something Going On at Fort Fisher

From the June 17, 2018, WECT NBC  Wilmington, N.C.  "Fort Fisher offers 'Living History' program.

Sunday kids and their parents can learn about the Confederate Navy and Confederate Marine Corps at the Fort Fisher Historic Site at Kure Beach.

There will be uniformed interpreters, tours, firings of the 12-pounder Napoleon cannon.

Kids will be able to paint toy soldiers and learn about military uniforms and equipment.

Okay, we missed that, but remember, Saturday Fort Fisher offers its weekly summer "Beat the Heat" lecture series inside.  This Saturday's presentation "The Silent Sentinels" by John Winecoff.   It is about military memorials in N.C..

--Old B-Runner

Action in North Carolina, July 1863-- Part 2: Expedition to Tarboro and Rocky Mount

JULY 8--  Skirmish at Warsaw   23rd NY Cav

JULY 12--  Blockade Runner Kate driven ashore

JULY 13-16--  Expedition from Newport Barracks to Cedar Point and White Oak River  23rd Mass; 12th NY Cav; 3rd Lt. Art.; 9th NJ

JULY 17-20--  Expedition from New Bern to Swift Creek Village    25th, 27th Mass; 3rd Lt.Art;158th Inf.

JULY 18-24--  Expedition from New Bern to Tarboro and Rocky Mount  3rd , 12th NY and 23rd NY Cav.; 1st Mounted NC  Union Losses:  60 killed, wounded and missing

JULY  20--   Skirmish at Tarboro  The above units

JULY 20--  Skirmish at Sparta  The above units with exception of the 1st NC

JULY 21--  Skirmish at Rocky Mount  3rd NY Cav.

--Old B-R'er

Action in North Carolina, July 1863-- Part 1: Raid on the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad

From the North Carolina Civil War Centennial Site Timeline and North Carolina Research Online.

Most all of these are along the coastal region of the state.  Union forces on the actions were not always full regiment  but sometimes detachments or battalions or batteries.

JULY 3-7--  Raid on the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad   3rd NY Inf, 23rd NY Cav, 3rd Light Art., 1st Mounted N.C.

JULY 4-8--  Expedition to Trenton   17th, 23rd, 27th Mass; 9th NJ,, 3rd Lt. Art,81st and 158th Infantry; 1st Lt. Art.

JULY 5--  Skirmishes at Warsaw and Kenansville   3rd NY, 23 NY Cav;; 3rd Lt.Art; 1st Mounted N.C.

JULY 5-7--  Expedition from Plymouth to Gardner's Bridge and Williamston   85th, 96th NY;  101st, 103 Pa

JULY 6--  Action at Freedom Bridge   1st LtArt

JULY 6--  Action at Quaker Bridge   17th, 23rd 27th Mass;3rd Lt Art;  81st, 103rd NJ;  9th RI; 1st Lt. Art

JULY 6--  Action at Trenton   23rd Mass; 9th NJ; 1st Lt Art

--Old B-Runner

Rear Admiral Andrew Hull Foote-- Part 5: Death

After repairing his ships, Foote joined General John Pope in operations against Confederate Island No. 10 in the Mississippi River.

In July 1862, Foote was promoted to the rank of rear admiral.

In 1863 he was on his way to take command of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron when he died of his wounds received at Fort Donelson.

He was buried at Grove Street Cemetery in New Haven.

--Old B-Runner

July 4, 1863: The Fall of Vicksburg-- Part 2: Port Hudson Next

Observing that he must continue to push on to finish the operations in the west by seizing Port Hudson, Sherman added:  "It does seem to me that Port Hudson, without facilities for supplies or interior communication must soon follow the fate of Vicksburg and to leave the river free, and to you the task of  preventing any more Vicksburgs or Port Hudsons on the banks of the great inland sea.

"Though farther apart, the Navy and Army will still act in concert, and I assure you I shall never reach the banks of the river or see a gunboat but I will think of Admiral Porter, Captain Breese, and the many elegant and accomplished gentlemen it has been my good fortune to meet on armed and unarmed decks of the Mississippi squadron."

--Old B-R'er

July 4, 1863: Fall of Vicksburg-- Part 1

JULY 4, 1863:  Vicksburg, Mississippi, long under assault and siege by water and land, capitulated to General Grant.

W.T. Sherman congratulated Rear Admiral Porter for the decisive role played by the Navy in effecting the surrender:  "No event in life could have given me more personal pride or pleasure than to have met you to-day on the wharf at Vicksburg --  a Fourth of July so eloquent in events as to need no words or stimulants to elevate its importance....

"In so magnificent a result I stop not to count who did it; it is done, and the day of our nation's birth is consecrated and baptized anew in a victory won by the United Navy and Army of our country."

Well, A Great Victory for the Union, But Not So Good a Day for My Side.  --Old B-Runner

Death of Industrialist Horace Ware This Date in 1890

From the July 2, 2018, Alabama News Center "On This Day in Alabama History:  Industrialist Horace Ware Dies."

In the 1850s-1860s Horace Ware established the Shelby Ironworks, the first rolling mill in Alabama.

During the Civil War is supplied iron to the Confederate Naval Arsenal at Selma.  Its machinery was destroyed by Union forces in the waning days of the war.

Ware was able to get northern investors to commit money to his company to rebuild but now he focused on making rail car wheels.

He retired to Birmingham where he died July 2, 1890.

Grove Street Cemetery in New Haven, Connecticut

In the last post, I mentioned that Andrew Hull Foote was buried in Grove Street Cemetery.  This is also known as the Westminster of Yale.  It is surrounded by Yale University.

There is a long list of notables buried there, including:

Charles Goodyear-- tires

Roger Sherman--  Declaration of Independence signer

Alfred Howe Terry--  Commanded Union forces at the Second Battle of Fort Fisher and Custer at the Little Big Horn.

Noah Webster Jr--  dictionary

Eli Whitney--  cotton gin

--Old B-Runner

Rear Admiral Andrew Hull Foote-- Part 4: His Death

Despite the wound, and after repairs to his ships, Foote joined with General John Pope in operations against Island No. 10 in the Mississippi River.

Later in 1862, Foote was promoted to the rank of rear admiral.

In 1863, while on his way to take command of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron, he died suddenly in New York City on June 26.

He is buried at Grove Street Cemetery in New Haven, Connecticut.

--Old B-Runner